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Pain Relief Medication: From Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs) to Opioids
Pain management is categorized by the "Pain Ladder" developed by the WHO.
Non-Opioids: NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen) inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis.
Adjuvants: Anticonvulsants (Gabapentin) are used for neuropathic pain by modulating calcium channels.
Opioids: Bind to mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system to alter the perception of pain, though they carry a high risk of respiratory depression and dependence.
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